In the Scrum Guide, the term “backlog” appears in two key Scrum artifacts: the Product Backlog and the Sprint Backlog. But what does “backlog” really mean?
From Cambridge Dictionary: Backlog: “a large number of things you have to do or deal with that has increased over a period of time.” This definition raises some interesting questions about how the term “backlog” is applied in Scrum. Let’s explore.
“A Large Number of Things”
The definition refers to a large number of things, but is that what makes a Product Backlog or Sprint Backlog effective? I would argue otherwise.
In Scrum, transparency is essential. A backlog that’s too large—packed with hundreds of items—can obscure clarity and make it difficult for the Scrum Team and stakeholders to achieve a common understanding of what’s most important. Without transparency, the backlog becomes a barrier instead of a tool.
In my experience, the most effective Product Owners manage shorter backlogs. For example, I’ve seen Product Backlogs with about 50–60 items representing approximately one year of work. These focused backlogs promote clarity, alignment, and better decision-making.
Does the size of your backlog promote or hinder transparency? That’s a question worth reflecting on.
“Things to Deal With”
Notice that the definition of backlog says “things to deal with.” It does not say “features to implement.” This distinction significantly impacts how we think about backlogs in Scrum.
A Product Backlog doesn’t have to be a list of features. Instead, it can include a wide variety of items to deal with, such as:
Hypothesis Statements: Ideas to validate or test.
Outcomes to Achieve: The desired results or benefits for users or the business.
User Problems to Solve: Pain points or needs that require creative solutions.
Including these types of items encourages teams to self-manage and make optimal use of their skills. A team’s ability to solve problems and innovate is far more valuable than simply executing a predefined list of tasks or features.
By broadening the definition of what belongs in the backlog, we empower teams to own the “how” and focus on delivering meaningful outcomes.
The Backlog as a Tool for Collaboration
The backlog, whether it’s the Product Backlog or Sprint Backlog, is not just a collection of tasks. It’s a tool for fostering transparency, enabling collaboration, and ensuring alignment across the Scrum Team and stakeholders.
It’s a living artifact that evolves as we learn, adapt, and respond to changing conditions.
So, how does the size and content of your backlog influence its effectiveness? Does it enable transparency, collaboration, and problem-solving, or does it create confusion and overwhelm?
I’d love to hear your thoughts in the comments below!
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Wishing you an inspiring read and a wonderful journey.
Scrum on!
